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The Immigration Act of 1903, also called the Anarchist Exclusion Act, was a law of the United States regulating immigration. It codified previous immigration law, and added four inadmissible classes: anarchists, people with epilepsy, beggars, and importers of prostitutes. It had little impact and its provisions related to anarchists were expanded in the Immigration Act of 1918. == Background == Anarchism came to public attention in the United States with the Haymarket Affair of 1886. On May 4, a policeman was killed and several others were wounded, of which six later died, after a bomb exploded in Chicago's Haymarket Square.〔Fine, 779〕 Eight members of the recently formed International Working People's Association (IWPA) were found guilty of the bombing.〔 The IWPA's 1883 manifesto called for the "destruction of the existing class rule, by all means, i.e., by energetic, relentless, revolutionary and international action".〔 The idea of excluding anarchists from immigrating was first mentioned at a Congressional hearing in 1889.〔Hutchinson, 97〕 A bill introduced on July 20, 1894 sought to restrict the entry of anarchists by requiring potential immigrants to visit an U. S. consulate for a political review before immigrating.〔Hutchinson, 111〕 A substitute bill proposed a system within the United States to detect, question, and deport immigrants accused of anarchism.〔Hutchinson, 112〕 Both died in committee.〔 On September 6, 1901, Leon F. Czolgosz, an American-born son of Polish immigrants and a self-proclaimed anarchist, assassinated President William McKinley.〔Fine, 780〕 The police responded by arresting a number of anarchists, including Emma Goldman and a group of Chicago anarchists that published ''Free Society'', the leading English-language communist-anarchist periodical in the U.S. at the time.〔Fine, 781〕 They were all later released because no evidence of conspiracy could be found. And there were some viewpoints in the anarchist opinion which strongly denounced Czolgosz, some calling him a "dangerous crank", despite what was to come next. Theodore Roosevelt urged the exclusion and deportation of anarchist immigrants in his first address to Congress on December 3, 1901:〔Hutchinson, 127〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Immigration Act of 1903」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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